The Basic Structure Of Automobiles
Engine
The engine is the power unit of a car, consisting of two major mechanisms and five major systems: crank linkage mechanism, valve distribution mechanism, cooling system, fuel supply system, lubrication system, ignition system, and starting system. However, diesel engines have one less ignition system than gasoline engines.
1. Cooling system: generally composed of water tank, water pump, radiator, fan, thermostat, water temperature gauge, and drain switch. Car engines use two cooling methods, namely air cooling and water cooling. Generally, car engines use water cooling.
2. Lubrication system: The engine lubrication system consists of an oil pump, filter, oil filter, oil passage, pressure limiting valve, oil gauge, pressure sensing plug, and oil dipstick.
3. Fuel supply system:
The fuel system of a gasoline engine includes a gasoline tank, a gasoline meter, a gasoline pipe, a gasoline filter, a gasoline pump, a carburetor, an air filter, etc.
The fuel system of a diesel engine includes main components such as fuel injection pumps, injectors, and governors, as well as auxiliary devices such as diesel tanks, fuel transfer pumps, fuel water separators, diesel filters, fuel injectors, and high and low pressure fuel pipes.
4. Starting system: starter, battery, etc.
5. Ignition system: spark plug, high-voltage wire, high-voltage coil, distributor, ignition switch, etc.
6. Crank connecting rod mechanism: connecting rod, crankshaft, bearing shells, flywheel, piston, piston ring, piston pin, crankshaft oil seal, etc.
7. Valve distribution mechanism: cylinder head, valve cover camshaft, valve intake manifold, exhaust manifold, air filter, muffler, three-way catalytic turbocharger, etc.
Chassis
The chassis function is to support and install the assembly of the car engine and its various components, forming the overall shape of the car, and receiving the power of the engine to generate motion and ensure normal driving. The chassis is composed of five parts: transmission system, driving system, steering system, suspension system, and braking system.
1, Transmission system: The power generated by a car engine is transmitted to the driving wheels through the transmission system. The transmission system has functions such as deceleration, speed change, reverse, power interruption, wheel to wheel and axle to axle differential, etc. It works in conjunction with the engine to ensure normal driving of the car under various working conditions, and has good power and economy. Mainly composed of clutch, transmission, universal joint, transmission shaft, and drive axle.
Clutch: Its function is to smoothly engage or temporarily separate the power of the engine from the transmission device, in order to facilitate the driver's starting, parking, and shifting operations of the car.
Transmission: The transmission is used to achieve torque change, transmission, neutral and reverse gears, expand the working range of the car, and make the car have good power and economy.
According to the operation mode, the transmission is divided into manual transmission and automatic transmission.
According to the layout, the transmission is divided into a fixed shaft transmission and a rotating shaft (planetary) transmission.
According to the transmission effect, the transmission is divided into a stepped transmission and a continuously variable transmission.
According to the transmission mode, transmissions are divided into mechanical transmissions, hydraulic transmissions, and electric transmission transmissions.
A fixed shaft transmission is generally composed of transmission housing, transmission cover, first shaft, second shaft, intermediate shaft, reverse shaft, gears, bearings, and control mechanism.
